[스포츠관련 안면골절에 대한 결과분석 논문]

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

(J Craniofac Surg 2009;20: 825–829)

In this paper, we report a retrospective study of 236 patients with facial bone fractures from various sports who were treated at the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea, between February 1996 and April 2007. The medical records of these patients were reviewed and analyzed to determine the clinical characteristics and treatment of the sports-related facial bone fractures. The highest frequency of sports-related facial bone fractures was in the age group 11 to 20 years (40.3%); there was a significant male predominance in all age groups (13.75:1). The most common causes of the injury were soccer (38.1%), baseball (16.1%), basketball (12.7%), martial arts (6.4%), and skiing or snowboarding (11%). Fractures of the nasal bone were the most common in all sports; mandible fractures were common in soccer and martial arts, orbital bone fractures were common in baseball, basketball, and ice sports, and fractures of the zygoma were frequently seen in soccer and martial arts. The main causes of the sports injuries were direct body contact (50.8%), and the most commonly associated soft tissue injuries were found in the head and neck regions (92.3%). Nasal bone fractures were the most common (54.2%), and tripod fractures were the most common type of complex injuries (4.2%). The complication rate was 3.0%. Long-term epidemiological data regarding the natural history of sports-related facial bone fractures are important for the evaluation of existing preventative measures and for the development of new methods of injury prevention and treatment.

Sports, facial bones, fractures

The increased popularity of sports has focused attention in recent years on attempts to prevent sports injuries.¹ Although sports-related injury patterns have been extensively reported, studies dealing exclusively with facial trauma are still rare.²,³ Among the increasing number of sports- and leisure-related injuries, facial trauma is an increasingly important consideration, despite the reduction of injuries associated with road traffic since the introduction of seat belt and drunk-driving legislation.⁴,⁵ In an attempt to assess the extent and etiology of facial injuries associated with sports, we investigated and analyzed the incidence, type, etiology, and injury pattern of hard tissue and associated injuries and the treatment and outcome of sports-related facial trauma in Korea. A clearer understanding of the etiology and extent of sports-related facial injuries would be useful to aid planning of changes in legislation and practice to reduce the number and extent of facial injuries.

The purpose of this study was to determine the natural history of sports-related facial injuries in 236 patients for 11 years at the Department of Plastic Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea.

The medical records of patients seeking treatment of sports-related facial trauma were reviewed at the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea. The study population consisted of 236 patients who were severely injured with facial fractures that were caused by sports from February 1996 to April 2007. The parameters assessed were age, sex, time of injury, etiology, injury types, and associated injuries, in addition to the type of fracture associated with individual sports and the treatment modality. The sports-related facial bone fractures were classified as isolated or complex fractures for most patients. The isolated facial bone fractures included frontal, orbital, nasal, maxilla, zygoma, and mandible fractures. The complex fractures were subclassified into 5 types according to the anatomic direction from the orbit and the extension from an adjacent area, which were superior, medial, lateral, inferior, or other locations (Table 1). In addition, the complications were analyzed.

This retrospective study of 236 patients included 220 men and 16 women, aged 3 to 78 years (mean age, 24.1 y) with sports-related facial bone fractures (Table 2). The highest frequency of sports-related facial bone fractures was found in the age group 11 to 20 years (n = 90, 40.3%), followed by 21 to 30 years (n = 64, 29.7%), and 31 to 40 years (n = 32, 14.8%; Table 2). There was a significant male predominance in all age groups, and the overall ratio of men to women was 13.75:1. The analysis of the annual incidence revealed that both the absolute number and the proportion of facial sports injuries peaked in 2006 (Table 3); they have increased slightly every year (Table 3). The monthly incidence was relatively even; however, sports-related facial bone fractures were slightly more common during the month of November (n = 26, 11%; Table 4).

The sports associated with the injuries are shown in Table 5. The most common causes of the injury were soccer (n = 90, 38.1%), …